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暴发性肝衰竭时肾脏Ⅰ型145三磷酸肌醇受体表达增加

作者:闻颖 崔巍 刘沛 来源: 日期:2010-5-30 17:49:21 人气: 标签:



【摘要】  目的  研究暴发性肝衰竭小鼠肾脏1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体(IP3R)表达的变化。方法  采用D-氨基半乳糖和内毒素联合腹腔注射制备暴发性肝衰竭小鼠动物模型。动物随机分为4组,即等渗盐水对照组、LPS对照组、D-氨基半乳糖对照组、暴发性肝衰竭组(269h)。应用免疫组织化学、Western blotRT-PCR技术检测暴发性肝衰竭进程中,小鼠肾脏IP3R蛋白质的定位、表达及mRNA表达的变化。 结果  ⅠIP3R主要分布于肾小球系膜细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的胞浆内。在暴发性肝衰竭组小鼠,6hIP3R免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞开始增加,9h时更为明显(6hχ27.11, P<0.01; 9hχ29.15, P<0.01)Western blot结果与免疫组织化学结果一致,6h时开始增加(t3.16P<0.05),9h达到最高值(t5.43P<0.01),与等渗盐水对照组相比差异有统计学意义。RT-PCR结果显示暴发性肝衰竭小鼠2hIP3R mRNA即开始增加,6h时达到最高值,9h时有所恢复,但与等渗盐水对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(2ht2.47P<0.056ht4.42P<0.019ht2.16, P<0.05)。 结论  在暴发性肝衰竭进程中,肾脏1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体表达增强,其mRNA也呈上调趋势。
【关键词】  肝功能衰竭,暴发性; 肝肾综合征; 受体,1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇

Renal type I inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors expression increases in fulminant hepatic failure in mice  WEN Ying, CUI Wei, LIU Pei. Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Corresponding author: LIU Pei, Email: syliupei2003@ yahoo.com.cn
Abstract
    Objective    To study the changes of expression of type I inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate receptors (IP3RI) in the kidneys of mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in order to understand the role renal vasoconstriction plays in the development of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Methods    One hundred twenty male Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups. In the fourth group (60 mice) lipopolysaccharide with D-galactosamine was injected intraperitoneally to induce acute liver necrosis. The first-third groups (20 mice in each group) served as controls and those mice were given NS, LPS or GalN intraperitioneally. At the end of 2 h, 6 h, and 9 h, mice were sacrificed and their livers and kidneys were removed and examined histologically. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were used to detect the distribution and expression of IP3RI in the kidneys. Results    IP3RI protein was localized in the cytoplasma of glomerular mesangial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in the kidneys. In the kidney tissues from mice with FHF at 6 h and 9 h, IP3RI-positive staining cells increased significantly (6 h: χ2 = 7.11, P < 0.01; 9 h: χ2 = 9.15, P < 0.01). Western blot demonstrated a consistent and significant increase of IP3RI expression in mice with FHF at 6 h and 9 h (6 h: t = 3.16, P < 0.05; 9 h: t = 5.43, P < 0.01). Using RT-PCR we observed that IP3RI mRNA in FHF samples at 2 h, 6 h and 9 h was markedly up-regulated in comparsion to that of the controls (2 h:t  = 2.47, P < 0.05; 6 h: t  = 4.42, P < 0.01; 9 h: t  = 2.16, P < 0.05). Conclusion    The expression of IP3RI protein increased in glomerular mesangial cells and renal vascular smooth muscle cells of FHF mice. Perhaps this was caused by IP3RI mRNA up-regulation.
Key words
     Fulminant hepatic failure;    Hepatorenal syndrome;    Receptor, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
肝肾综合征(hepatorenal syndromeHRS)是暴发性肝衰竭(fulminant hepatic failureFHF) 时常见的并发症,是由多种因素引起肾脏血流灌注减少所致的功能性肾衰竭,其发病机制至今尚未完全阐明[12]。目前认为肾血管收缩引起肾皮质血流量减少促使HRS发生[3]1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体(inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptorsIP3Rs)可介导细胞内钙释放和细胞外钙内流从而引起肾血管收缩[45]IP3Rs蛋白的表达可受多种因素影响[67]。本研究旨在探讨FHF时肾脏IP3R表达的变化,探讨IP3R在肝肾综合征肾血管收缩机制中的作用。

材料与方法
1.
材料:雄性BALB/c小鼠120只,68周龄,重量1822g,由中国医科大学实验动物中心提供。D-氨基半乳糖(D-galactosamineGalN)和LPSEcoli O127: B8)购自美国Sigma公司;IP3R抗体购自美国Santa Cruz公司;IP3R抗体购自US biological公司;免疫组织化学试剂盒购自北京中山生物技术有限公司;DAB显色试剂盒购自武汉博士德生物工程有限公司;BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒购自碧云天公司;硝基四氮唑蓝/5--4-3-吲哚基磷酸(NBT/BCIP)购自美国Sigma公司。RT-PCR试剂盒购自日本TaKaRa公司。
2.
动物模型:参照文献[8]制备暴发性肝衰竭小鼠动物模型。动物随机分为4组,即1组:等渗盐水对照组20只;2组:LPS对照组20只;3组:GalN对照组20只;4组:暴发性肝衰竭组(LPS+GalN60只,每组分为3个时间点(2h6h9h),每个时间点取10只小鼠断头处死,取肾组织部分置于40%甲醛液中固定,制备石蜡标本,部分置于Eppendorf管中-80℃保存以提取蛋白质,部分置于Trizol液中-80℃保存以提取RNA

3. Ⅰ
IP3R免疫组织化学染色: PBS液代替第一抗体作空白对照。石蜡切片脱蜡水化;3%双氧水室温处理20min PBS洗片;0.1%胰蛋白酶室温消化15minPBS洗片;正常兔血清37℃封闭20min,勿洗;加入1∶100第一抗体4℃过夜,PBS洗片;第二抗体(生物素化兔抗羊IgG37℃孵育30minPBS洗片;SABC液(辣根酶标记链霉卵白素工作液)37℃ 15minPBS洗片;DAB室温显色10min,水洗;苏木素复染,脱水透明,树胶封片。免疫组织化学结果判断:棕褐色的阳性颗粒主要分布在肾小球系膜细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的胞浆内。在高倍镜下选择有代表性视野计数1000个肾小球细胞中的阳性细胞数,结果以阳性细胞所占的百分比表示。

4. Western blot
分析:100mg新鲜肾组织剪碎,PBS2次。加蛋白质裂解液,超声波匀浆4℃过夜,12000×g离心1h,收集上清液, -80℃保存。BCA法进行蛋白质浓度测定。用蒸馏水将蛋白质样品调成相同浓度,加入相同体积上样缓冲液,沸水煮5min进行蛋白质变性,6% SDS-PAGE电泳。加样孔注入蛋白质提取液(约30μg)及蛋白质标准品,100V电泳3h。将凝胶上的蛋白质电转印到聚偏氟乙烯上,50V电泳2h;磷酸盐等渗盐水缓冲液(PBST)洗膜2次,用含5%脱脂奶粉的PBST封闭过夜。PBST4次;PVDF膜上加第一抗体(1∶1000兔抗小鼠IP3R)在室温孵育2hPBST洗膜;加第二抗体 (1∶2000碱性磷酸酶标记的羊抗兔IgG), 室温孵育2hPBST洗膜;加BCIP/NBT底物显色,观察相对分子质量2.3×105处蛋白质印迹。以β-actin作为内参照,分子量4.5×104IP3R蛋白含量=样本IP3R蛋白灰度值/同一样本β-actin灰度值。
5. RT-PCR
分析: Trizol一步法提取肾组织总RNA。紫外分光光度法测定RNA纯度和量。用RNA稀释液稀释成100ng/μl。按照试剂盒说明两步法扩增IP3R基因,GAPDH作内参照。引物分别为:GAPDH-F5′-GACAACTTTGGCATCG TGGA-3′GAPDH-R5′-ATGCAGGGATGATG TTCTGG-3′,产物片段133bpIP3RI-F5′-GGTTTCATCTGCAAGCTAATAAAA-3′IP3RI-R5′-AATGCTTTCATGGAATACTCGGTC-3′,产物片段525bp。逆转录条件为30℃ 10min, 42℃ 30min, 99℃ 5min, 5℃ 5minPCR扩增条件为94℃ 2min94℃ 30s55℃ 30s72℃ 1min35个循环。
PCR
反应产物以10g/L琼脂糖凝胶、100V电泳1h,溴化乙锭染色,紫外灯下照相。观察525bpIIP3R PCR产物条带及133bpGAPDH PCR产物条带。IP3R mRNA含量=样本IP3R扩增产物灰度值/同一样本GAPDH扩增产物灰度值。
6.
统计学处理:采用SPSS10.0软件分析, 实验数据以x-±s表示,计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验, P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
   
1.
动物模型制备结果:第4组小鼠注射后,逐渐出现懒动,摄水和觅食动作减少,皮毛松散,最后行动减慢,甚至抽搐,并于注射后6h开始死亡,到9h左右病死率达高峰,其肝脏HE染色可见成片的出血坏死区,内有较多炎细胞浸润,以9h组为著,证明本实验动物模型构建成功,可以应用。暴发性肝衰竭组小鼠总病死率达70%,存活率为30%,存活小鼠肝脏坏死相对轻一些,48h后可见明显肝细胞再生(图1)。
2. Ⅰ
IP3R免疫组织化学染色结果:在第123组的肾组织切片中,IP3R表达呈很弱的棕褐色信号,主要分布于肾小球系膜细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的胞浆内,而肾小管未见阳性染色,其阳性细胞百分比为21%±5%。在第4组,IP3R的定位与前3组没有明显区别, 2h时阳性染色强度与前3组差别不大,但6h时可以发现棕褐色阳性信号开始增强,阳性细胞数百分比为40%±4%9h时更为明显,阳性细胞百分比增加至67%±5% (2,表1)
3. Western blot
结果:各组在相对分子质量2.3×105处均可见特异性的IP3R蛋白条带及相对分子质量4.5×104处内参照β-actin蛋白质条带。对各条带进行灰度分析发现第123IP3R的表达无明显差别,第42hIP3R表达与前3组差异不大,6hIP3R表达开始增加(1.67±0.04),9h时达到最高值(1.96±0.05),此两组与等渗盐水对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(6ht 3.16P<0.05; 9ht 5.43P<0.01;图3,表1)
4. RT-PCR
结果:第123IP3R mRNA水平没有差别,第42hIP3R mRNA开始增加(1.55±0.12),6h时达到最高值(1.92±0.04),9h时有所恢复(1.73±0.10),但与等渗盐水对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(2ht 2.47P<0.056ht 4.42P<0.019ht 2.16P<0.05;见图4,表1)
  
HRS
是暴发性肝衰竭患者常见的并发症,病死率较高。但到目前为止,暴发性肝衰竭并发HRS的机制仍不十分清楚,多数学者认为HRS发生是肾血管收缩造成的肾脏血流量锐减所致。暴发性肝衰竭患者血清中许多缩血管活性物质(如儿茶酚胺、血管紧张素、血管加压素、血栓素A2、内皮素、白三烯等)均明显增高,提供了HRS肾血管收缩的前提[910]。血管紧张素等缩血管活性物质是通过刺激细胞内第二信使1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇(IP3)产生发挥作用的[11]IP3R是胞内钙贮存库,存在于内质网中。IP3RIP3结合后发生构象改变[12],导致通道开放,内质网中的储备钙被释放到细胞质中,胞质游离Ca2+浓度升高引起细胞收缩[13]。细胞膜上也有IP3R,可直接或间接介导钙内流。因此肾脏IP3R表达的多少与肾脏对缩血管物质的敏感性有着密切联系。IP3R共有4种类型,肾脏的IP3R主要存在于肾小球系膜细胞、血管平滑肌细胞[14]。血管平滑肌细胞收缩引起肾血流量减少;肾小球系膜细胞收缩不仅使肾小球血管阻力增加,还可导致肾小球滤过面积减少;两者均收缩导致肾小球滤过率急剧减少[15]。暴发性肝衰竭时是否通过上调IP3R表达来增加肾脏对缩血管物质的敏感性是我们的研究方向。本研究通过制备暴发性肝衰竭小鼠动物模型,应用免疫组织化学技术、Western blotRT-PCR检测暴发性肝衰竭进程中,小鼠肾脏IP3R蛋白质的定位、表达及mRNA水平的变化。实验结果如下:IP3R主要存在于肾小球系膜细胞、血管平滑肌细胞的胞质内,正常时染色较弱。暴发性肝衰竭组6h时免疫组织化学染色IP3R表达即增强,9h时增强更为明显,且与Western blot半定量检测结果一致,这证实了暴发性肝衰竭时肾脏IP3R表达是上调的,从而增加了肾脏对缩血管物质的敏感性。我们进一步从转录水平探讨了IP3R mRNA表达的变化,RT-PCR结果显示:暴发性肝衰竭小鼠2hIP3R mRNA即开始增加,6h时达到最高值,9h时有所恢复,其变化的时间点要早于蛋白质水平,提示IP3R蛋白的增加可能是在转录水平进行调节的。因此暴发性肝衰竭时肾脏IP3R表达明显增加,可能提高了肾脏对缩血管物质的敏感性,从而导致细胞内Ca2+水平骤然增高,使肾脏血管平滑肌细胞与肾小球系膜细胞收缩,肾血流减少及肾小球滤过面积减少,肾小球滤过率降低,引发HRS
     
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